Time on Cardano is divided into epochs. Each epoch is divided into slots – a short period of time in which a block can be created. Blocks carry information about recent transactions and their data, and are linked to the previous and next block creating an immutable chain of records. A Cardano epoch includes 432,000 slots (5 days).
Development on Cardano is driven by peer-reviewed research. This means that before any feature is implemented, it undergoes scientific review and verification by academics. In addition, Quantstamp, a blockchain security specialist, has independently audited Cardano for quality and safety. After the audit, Quantstamp’s chief executive Richard Ma said Cardano ...
Bitcoin and Ethereum are first- and second-generation proof-of-work blockchains. Cardano is known as the third-generation blockchain because it uses greener proof-of-stake technology and aims to resolve other issues with the previous generations. In particular, Cardano aims to ensure higher performance, resolve scalability and interoperability issues, and en...
Cardano is an open-source, proof-of-stake, public blockchain, the first to be founded on peer-reviewed research and development through evidence-based methods. Cardano combines pioneering technologies to provide unparalleled security and sustainability to decentralized applications, systems, and societies. Cardano exists to redistribute power from unaccounta...
A public (or permissionless) blockchain is one that anyone can use without seeking permission. For example, to buy and sell ada or bitcoin, transact, or make payments. Such systems can be used for daily financial activities or by companies for commercial purposes.
Private blockchains are usually established for a predefined number of users by closed organizations, or specific projects. Such blockchains can solve specific business problems relating to efficiency, security, or speed of transaction processing. Private blockchains are better suited for enterprises that seek to enhance their business processes without shar...
A sidechain is a blockchain that runs independently alongside the main chain and is linked to it. Transactions are transferred to the sidechain for processing and the results are sent back, thus taking the workload off the main chain. This improves speed, lowers execution fees, and increases overall throughput.
Hydra is a family of protocols that overlay the layer 1 Cardano blockchain to process transactions off the main chain. Hydra uses the main ledger as the secure settlement layer, boosts throughput, minimizes the delay in starting to process transactions, incurs low to no costs, and greatly reduces storage requirements.
Scalability is the ability of a system to handle more and more work efficiently. This is a vital property for a blockchain or it will become slower and more expensive to use. Addressing the scaling problems of earlier blockchains was a founding aim of Cardano and is the focus of the Basho stage of development. Read more about how Cardano scales in 2022.
The Catalyst Circle is the representative body for groups participating in Project Catalyst. The Circle monitors the current state and future plans regarding governance in Catalyst. It detects and discusses concerns, objections, and opportunities arising within the Catalyst ecosystem. The Circle might discuss, for example, the definition of amounts allocated...
Project Catalyst is a decentralized innovation fund for Cardano projects. Since 2020, 30,000 members have set hundreds of projects underway. Project Catalyst marked the start of Cardano’s Voltaire phase and is one of the world’s largest examples of on-chain governance. See more FAQs about Project Catalyst.
CIP stands for Cardano Improvement Proposal and is a participatory model system that gives decision-making power to the community. A CIP has an expected format: the structure of the proposal is templated to facilitate discussion and review. This enables other community members to jump in and discuss specific proposals, or individual points in a proposal. The...
The Plutus Pioneer program is a scheme to recruit and train developers to write smart contracts in Plutus on Cardano. Recruits are given access to courses about the principles of coding in both Haskell and Plutus. The course is highly interactive, with weekly videos, exercises, and Q\&A sessions, along with exclusive access to Plutus creators and experts. Th...
Plutus is a set of programming tools for writing smart contracts on Cardano. Plutus includes Plutus Core – the software that runs Plutus transactions and contracts – and the Plutus programming language, which is based on Haskell.
Marlowe Playground is a testing platform where you can experiment with Marlowe contracts, including their development, simulation, and testing.' probably best. Marlowe contracts can be written in Javascript or Haskell.
Marlowe is a web-based platform to build and run financial smart contracts visually, without needing deep programming knowledge. Marlowe contracts are straightforward and optimized for financial transactions. This provides a faster way for financial service providers to build expertise in smart contracts and blockchain technology.
DApp certification and assurance help ensure that products meet certain quality standards. While voluntary (Cardano is open and decentralized), certification benefits both developers and users because it includes security checks that help with auditing smart contracts. There are three levels of certification, each of which is complementary to the others.
DApp stands for decentralized application. That is a software app that works on blockchain. There are various types of DApps, including DeFi products, NFT markets, wallets, exchanges, games, and more.